NUNZIUM

News That Matters

23/04/2023 ---- 28/04/2023

As the Ukrainian conflict escalates, the world watches with bated breath. Tensions rise among the EU, the US, and Russia while China's role in the crisis becomes increasingly significant. The balance of power teeters on a delicate line, emphasizing the need for a peaceful resolution. This intricate game of international politics has brought forth a series of notable events, revealing the situation's complexities and potential impact.

On April 7, 2023, Chinese President Xi Jinping welcomed French President Emmanuel Macron to an unusually lavish state visit. Analysts believe this signifies Beijing's efforts to court key European Union allies to counter the United States. During their meeting, Macron and European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen pressured China on Ukraine. Still, they failed to elicit any public shifts in position. Macron urged Xi Jinping to help end Russia's war in Ukraine, emphasizing the need for a stable Europe. Despite the situation's complexity, Macron believes China has a significant role in ending the war.

In early April 2023, a cache of classified US documents leaked online, providing detailed information about the war in Ukraine and insights into China and its allies. The leaks highlighted concerns about Chinese technology, Russian infighting over casualty reporting in Ukraine, and the presence of Western special forces within the country. On April 13, 2023, US airman Jack Teixeira was arrested for leaking these highly classified military documents.

On April 18, 2023, Russian President Vladimir Putin visited occupied Ukrainian territories for the second time since launching a full-scale invasion. The visit came amid a faltering Russian offensive in eastern Ukraine and an expected Ukrainian counter-offensive. Mykhailo Podolyak, an adviser to Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky, accused Putin of visiting the scenes of Russian "crimes." A few days later, diplomats in Brussels struggled to finalize a €1-billion initiative to buy ammunition for Ukraine jointly. The proposal was stalled due to disagreements about the ideal of "strategic autonomy," suggesting that the European Union should become more independent and self-reliant in defence matters.

On April 23, 2023, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called for an end to the conflict in Ukraine during a visit to Portugal, proposing that a group of nations, including Brazil and China, mediate a peaceful resolution to the war. Lula's stance has annoyed EU and US leaders and Ukraine for suggesting that Ukraine and Russia had chosen to go to war and that Western military aid was fueling the conflict. On April 24, European foreign ministers met in Luxembourg to discuss various topics, including China. Divisions within the EU on approaching China have deepened, particularly following French President Macron's call for "strategic autonomy." The ongoing Ukraine crisis has further complicated China-EU relations, with some officials suggesting that the crisis should not be tied to these relations. On the same day, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres criticized Russia's invasion of Ukraine during a meeting chaired by Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, stating that it is causing "massive suffering and devastation" and fueling global economic dislocation. On April 26, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky had a "long and meaningful" phone call with China's Xi Jinping, their first contact since Russia invaded Ukraine. Zelensky believes the call will significantly boost bilateral relations. Meanwhile, Russian air strikes have hit cities across Ukraine, marking the first Russian missile attack on Kyiv in 51 days.

The potential positive impact of diplomacy and cooperation among nations cannot be overstated in a world fraught with tension and uncertainty. The events unfolding in Ukraine have immediate consequences for the countries directly involved and shape the global landscape for years to come. These events underscore the importance of finding a peaceful resolution to the Ukrainian conflict as the delicate balance of power continues to sway. The urgency of finding a peaceful resolution highlights the interconnectedness of nations and the responsibility of global powers to work together for the greater good. World leaders need to engage in meaningful dialogue and seek common ground, placing humanity's interests above individual national agendas. In this high-stakes game of global chess, the stakes are not just pieces on a board but the lives of millions and the stability of the world order. As the world watches, diplomacy, unity, and understanding are brought into sharp focus.

READ MORE

Antibiotics have long been used in agriculture to promote livestock growth and protect animals from diseases. However, recent scientific discoveries reveal that the extensive use of antibiotics in farming has inadvertently led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing a significant threat to human health. One such antibiotic, colistin, was widely used as a growth promoter on pig and chicken farms, especially in China. Scientists have shown that the extensive use of colistin in livestock since the 1980s has led to the emergence and spread of E. coli bacteria carrying colistin-resistance genes. As a result, the genes that allow these bacteria to become resistant to colistin also enable them to more readily evade the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that form a cornerstone of our immune response. While colistin is now banned as a livestock food additive in many countries, including China, these findings highlight the potential dangers of using antimicrobials indiscriminately in agriculture, as it compromises our immune system and puts us at risk of antibiotic-resistant infections.

In a recent study, E. coli carrying a resistance gene called MCR-1 were exposed to AMPs that play essential roles in innate immunity in chickens, pigs, and humans. The bacteria were also tested for their susceptibility to human blood serum. The results showed that E. coli carrying the MCR-1 gene were at least twice as resistant to being killed by human serum. On average, the gene increased resistance to human and animal AMPs by 62% compared with bacteria that lacked the gene. Additionally, the resistant E. coli was twice as likely to kill moth larvae injected with the infection than the control E. coli strain. These findings have significant implications for developing new antibiotic medicines, particularly those in the same class as colistin, known as antimicrobial peptides. Scientists warn that if bacteria evolve resistance to AMP-based drugs, it could make them resistant to one of the pillars of our immune system, jeopardizing our health.

While the prevalence of these strains of E. coli has dropped since the ban on using colistin as a growth promoter, the findings demonstrate a real risk that has yet to be extensively considered. Antimicrobial resistance is a dire global threat. The United Nations warned that as many as 10 million people a year could die by 2050 due to superbugs. Therefore, the need for new antibiotics is pressing. There is growing interest in the potential of AMPs as drugs, including those based on human AMPs.

Scientists are not calling for the development of such drugs to be halted. Still, they emphasize the need for careful risk assessments of the likelihood of resistance emerging and the potential consequences. This research raises concerns about the potential risks of AMPs. It highlights the importance of considering the unintended consequences of antibiotic use in farming. The extensive use of antibiotics in farming has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing a significant threat to human health. As the findings of recent studies suggest, the implications of antibiotic use in agriculture extend far beyond developing resistance to drugs, potentially affecting our immune system and putting us at risk of infections.

READ MORE